| Sign of Attack/ Symptom |
Control |
| Insect-pests |
|
| Grasshopper: Both nymphs and adults feed on leaves in nursery and in the fields. The adults are often serious and attack the periphery of the panicles. |
1. Spray 1250 ml Chloropyriphos 20 EC (0.05%) per 500 L water/ha on appearance of pest.
2. Remove weeds ad grasses on bunds. |
| Paddy black beetle: Beetles appear soon after transplanting and attack the under-ground portion of the system. The infested plants then wither and die. |
Apply 2 L Chloropyriphos 20 EC mixed with 25 kg sand per ha at sowing time. |
| Rice bug: Usually appears with early rains. Both nymphs and adults suck juice from the young succulent leaves, shoots and milky grains. The panicles of such plants are chaffy. A brown/black spot appears around the feeding hole on the grain. |
1. Remove weeds and other alternate hosts.
2. Collect eggs, nymphs and adults and destroy them.
3.Before flowering, spray 1250 g cabraryl (Sevin 50 WP) or 1250 ml fenitrothion (Folithion/Sumithion/ Accothion 50 EC) in 1250 L water/ha.
Caution : Dust or spray only when there are 10 bugs/100 heads or rice. |
| Rice hispa: Both larvae and adults attack the rice plant. The larvae mine into the leaf between the epidermal membranes producing longitudinal white streaks. Affected leaves wither and die. |
1. Remove grasses from the bunds.
2. Spray 600 ml methyl parathion (Metacid 50 EC) or 1000 ml fenitrothion (Folithion/ Sumition/Accothion 50 EC) in 500 L water/ha.
3. Apply Cartap 4 (Padan) @ 1 kg ai/ha (25 kg/ha) 10 days after transplanting or 40 days old crop in 3-4 cm standing water. The water be kept standing for 2-3 days.
Note : Spray only when infestation is more than 10 per cent. |
| Stem borer: Damage is caused by feeding of the larvae within the stem. The damaged plants result in `dead heart' and `white head' formation. The damage is noticeable from July to October. |
1. Apply carbofuran (Furadan 3 G) by broadcasting in 3-4 cm deep standing water @ 1 kg/ha (a.i.) 10 days after transplanting, if necessary.
2. Spray 1000 ml endosulfan (Thiodan 35 EC) or 500 ml methyl parathion (Metacid 50 EC) in 500 L water/ha. Repeat after 45 days.
Caution : Apply insecticides only if 5 per cent or more plants are infested. |
| Leaf folder or leaf roller: Caterpillars infest leaves of young plants fastening the edges of the leaf together and live inside rolled leaf. |
1. Clip-off the affected leaves.
2. Remove weeds especially graminaceous ones
3. Spray 1250 ml chloropyriphos 20 EC (0.05%) or 835 ml monocrotophos 36 EC (0.06%) per 500 L water/ha on pest appearance. |
| Leaf hopper: The nymphs and adults of hoppers cause heavy damage to this crop by sucking the sap from various parts of the plant during August-September. |
1. Spray 1250 ml Chloropyriphos 20 EC (0.05%) per 500 L water/ha on appearance of pest.
|
Diseases
Blast : Brown to reddish brown, spindle shaped lesions with grey or whitish centre are produced on leaves in nursery and at tillering stages. Lesions are also produced on nodes, parts of panicles and grains. Leaf blast stunts the plants, reduces the number of panicles and grain weight. Plants infested early in the seasonare often completely killed. |
1. Treat the seed before sowing with Bavistin 50 WP or Beam 75 WP @ 2 g/kg seed.
2.Spray the crop with Blitox 50 (Copper oxychloride) once at nursery stage (12 in 4 L water for 100 m 2 ) and again depending on need at the time of tillering, late booting and panicle emergence stages with 2.250 kg Blitox 50 or 750 g Bavistin 50 WP or 750 ml Hinosan in 750 L water/ha or spray the crop at late booting and panicle emergence stages with Beam 75 WP (300 g in 500 L water/ha). In high rainfall areas, sticker Stickwel @ 0.2 g/L water should be added.
3. Do not apply excessive dose of nitrogenous fertilizers.
4. Plant resistant varieties. Himalaya - 741 should not be cultivated in blast prone areas. |
| Bacterial blight : The disease manifests particularly during the flowering stage of the crop. Lesions usually start as streaks along the margins of upper part of leaf blade. The lesions may cover the entire leaf blade turning it whitish grey. |
1. Use heavy seed for nursery sowing. Dip the seed in 5% salt solution to remove light seed.
2. Plant moderately resistant variety like IR-579.
|
| Stem rot : The disease starts with a small, blackish irregular lesion on the outer leaf sheath near the water line when the plants are 2-3 months old. Infested culms soften, rot and collapse causing plants to lodge. In case of severe infection, plants die. Affected plants which survive remain sterile or produce shrivelled grains. The presence of small black bodies called sclerotia which can be seen by splitting open the diseased culm are the diagnostic symptoms. |
1. Do not allow water to stagnate in field.
2. Stubbles should be collected and burnt after the harvest of crop.
3. Plant resistant varieties like Basmati group. |
| Brown spot : Seedlings are affected before and after emergence showing typical spotson leaves which are oval, brown grey or whitish centre when fully developed. Heavy infection may cause withering of leaves. On glumes, black or darkbrown spots, sometimes covering the entire glume may appear and result in blighted kernel. Himalayamut : The symptoms are observed at the time of tasselling anns are formed. |
1. Treat seed with Thirm @ 3 g/kg seed
2. Spray the crop in the nursery with Indofil M-45 or Indofil Z-78 @ 0.25% (5 g in 2 L water of 10 m 2 nursrey bed).
3. In disease prone areas, cultivate Himalaya 741 which is moderately resistant. |
| Glume blotch : The disease appears when the panicle is still enclosed in the boot leaf. Brownish black spots which individually are roundish, appear on the glumes. Heavy and early infection results in blackening and blighting or the entire grain. Moderately severe infection reduces grain weight but light infections do not affect, |
1. Spray Bavistin (0.1%) at 50% panicle emergence stage and repeat twice at 10 days interval.
2. Plant resistant varieties in disease prone areas.
3. Do not apply higher dose of nitrogen fertilizer. |
| False smut : The individual grains are transformed into large greenish Velvety spore balls, which become visible as the panicles start to mature. The spore mass looks green on the outside and yellow to orange inside. High relative humidity, rain and cloudy days during the flowering period increase the incidence of the disease. |
1. Collect the diseased panicles and brun them.
2. Avoid excessive doses of nitrogen fertilizers
|
| Sheath rot: The disease induces rot on the upper most leaf sheaths where oblong to irregular grey brown lesions develop. Later, the lesions coalesce and cover the entire sheath. In severe cases, young panicles either do not emerge or emerge partially and often remain sterile. |
1. Use disease-free seed.
2. Burn the stubbles after harvesting the infested crop. |